Elevated PSA and Prostate cancer screening

Prostate cancer screening involves testing men to establish their prostate cancer risk. Screening aims to detect cancer at an early stage when treatment options are more effective and the chances of successful outcomes are higher. Screening may lead to further investigation.

What is the PSA test

  • PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) blood test measures a protein produced by the prostate

  • Elevated PSA can indicate prostate cancer, benign prostatic enlargement, or prostatitis

  • High PSA usually prompts further investigation (repeat test, imaging, specialist referral, possible biopsy)

Why screening matters

  • Early detection improves treatment options and outcomes

  • Screening is not one-size-fits-all — benefits and risks should be weighed

Factors to consider before screening

  • Age and life expectancy

  • Family history of prostate cancer (father, brother)

  • Overall health and comorbidities

  • Personal preferences and values

Australian guideline highlights (PCFA & Cancer Council)

  • Discuss PSA testing with a healthcare provider from age 50 if life expectancy >10 years

  • Start discussions from age 45 with a family history of prostate cancer

  • Start discussions from age 40 for strong family history or known genetic risk

Common screening methods

  • PSA blood test — measures PSA level in blood

  • Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) — physical exam often used alongside PSA

If PSA is elevated

  • Repeat testing or additional tests (MRI, specialist referral)

  • Possible prostate biopsy to confirm diagnosis

  • Discuss risks, benefits and next steps with your GP or urologist

Talk to Your Doctor

Before deciding whether prostate cancer screening is right for you, have an open conversation with your GP or specialist.

Early detection through regular screening and open communication with your healthcare team can significantly improve treatment outcomes if prostate cancer is found.

Guidelines and recommendations are updated regularly as new research emerges. For the most current information, visit the Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia or Cancer Council Australia.

Dr Samuel Davies, Consultant Urologist and Robotic Surgeon has a specialist interest in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. If you have concerns or experience any symptoms related to prostate health. Dr Davies can guide you through the screening process and discuss the best treatment options for your specific case.

Contact our rooms